Dispersion in Waveguides Southern Methodist University色散的波导南卫理公会大学.pptVIP

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Dispersion in Waveguides Southern Methodist University色散的波导南卫理公会大学.ppt

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Dispersion in Waveguides Southern Methodist University色散的波导南卫理公会大学

Dispersion in Waveguides The potential payoff in using optical waveguides is to tap into the incredibly high carrier frequencies of optical waves (1014 Hz) Hope is to realize extremely high bandwidth, therefore we must know the bandwidth limitations of optical waveguides. Greatest limitation is Dispersion Dispersion Spreading of a signal in time. Causes pulses representing individual bits to collide. 3 Types of Dispersion Material Dispersion (big) Different wavelengths of light travel at different velocities within the medium. Inherent to the material. Modal Dispersion (big) Different Modes travel at different velocities. Waveguide Dispersion (residue) Solving for the mode (b) depends on wavelength, so the “same” mode will have a collection of b’s and corresponding l’s Material Dispersion Velocity must vary with wavelength. Simple Model Simple Model Lorentzian Model Lorentzian Model Lorentz Force Forces exerted on charges in presence of E and B – fields. Forces on the Charge What were we trying to do anyway? Oh yeah, Get to understand how n can be a function of l To do that we needed to understand why e might be a function of l. So we’ve got this damped driven oscillator… Where does l come in again? Oh yeah, it is going to be the driving E-field: Solution Now we are getting somewhere: Index as a function of w Plot of n(w) Sellmeier Equation (wrong in book) Mathematica Example File: Chapter 6 Examples Group Index and Group Delay Group Velocity and Group Delay Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) (material Dispersion) Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) (material Dispersion) Mathematica Example File: Chapter 6 Examples End of Session Modal Dispersion Different modes propagate a different speeds. If a waveguide supports multiple modes, then any light pulse will launch several modes which will in turn cause the pulse to spread out in time. If we are stuck with multi-mode waveguides, how bad does this hurt? The two extremes Since we cannot control which modes may be excited, we