Distributed Processing, ClientServr, and Clusters分布式处理，CS，和集群.pptVIP

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Distributed Processing, ClientServr, and Clusters分布式处理，CS，和集群.ppt

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Distributed Processing, ClientServr, and Clusters分布式处理，CS，和集群

Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters Chapter 13 Distributed Message Passing Message passed used to communicate among processes Send and receive messages as used in a single system or as Remote procedure calls (RPC) Basic Message-Passing Primitives Reliability Versus Unreliability Reliable message-passing: guarantees delivery if possible Not necessary to let the sending process know that the message was delivered Unreliable message-passing: Send the message out into the communication network without reporting success or failure Reduces complexity and overhead Blocking Versus Nonblocking Nonblocking Process is not suspended Efficient and flexible Difficult to debug Blocking Send does not return control to the sending process until the message has been transmitted OR until an acknowledgment is received Receive does not return until a message has been placed in the allocated buffer Remote Procedure Calls Allow programs on different machines to interact using simple procedure call/return semantics Widely accepted Standardized Client and server modules can be moved among computers and operating systems easily Client/Server Binding Binding specifies the relationship between remote procedure and calling program Nonpersistent binding logical connection established during remote procedure call Persistent binding connection is sustained after the procedure returns Synchronous versus Asynchronous Synchronous RPC Behaves must like a subroutine call Asynchronous RPC Does not block the caller Enable a client to invoke a server repeatedly so that it has a number of requests in the pipeline at one time Object-Oriented Mechanisms Clusters Alternative to symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Group of interconnected, whole computers working together as a unified computing resource illusion is one machine system can run on its own Benefits of Clusters Absolute scalability Can have dozens of machines each of which is a multiprocessor Incremental scalability Add new systems i