Fourier Cncepts傅里叶概念.pptVIP

Fourier Concepts ES3 FFT demonstration A microphone creates a voltage that is proportional to the pressure of a sound wave. This voltage is converted to a sequence of numbers that are stored in the computer’s memory The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is used to extract the amplitude of each sinusoid from the sound signal. Filters Filtersare usually represented as two-port networks Transfer Function Example A real low-pass filter The Transfer Functionof a low-pass filter The Transfer Functionof a low-pass filter * ? 2001 KEDMI Scientific Computing. All Rights Reserved.? Square wave example: V(t) = 4/p sin(t) + 4/3p sin(3t) + 4/5p sin(5t) + 4/7p sin(7t) + 4/9p sin(9t) + … time Any periodic waveform can be constructed by adding sine and cosine waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of the waveform’s frequency. added frequency total signal … frequency |v| fo 5fo 7fo 9fo 11fo 3fo Frequency spectrum of a square wave Flute Piano 4, 5, 6 fo = 260 Hz 2fo = 520 Hz 3fo = 780 Hz Acoustic Bass fo 2fo fo 2fo Hearing and the Eara simplified explanation “unwound” cochlea (3.5cm) ear drum 0 30,000 Hair cell number amplitude of vibration = sin(2p?200t) + 0.2sin(2p?5000t) 200Hz 5kHz 1961 Nobel Prize, Georg von Bekesy Hearing and the Ear (cont.) Two-port Network Vin(t) + Vout(t) - + - Input Port Output Port Filtersare usually represented as two-port networks Transfer Function: H(w) VIN + VOUT - + - Input Port Output Port INPUT Signal, vin(t) FFT of the INPUT Signal: VIN(w) Transfer Function Example H(w) w 1 Transfer Function Example The Transfer Function, H(w) …a low-pass filter Transfer Function Example H(w) w 1 At 530 Hz: VOUT = VIN x 1 At 1060 Hz: VOUT = VIN x 1 At 1590 Hz: VOUT = VIN x 0.25 At 2120 Hz: VOUT = VIN x 0.0 Transfer Function Example FFT of the OUTPUT Signal: VOUT(w) R 1 / jwC Vin Vout R=1000W C=1 uF w=1/RC is the cut-off frequency |H(w)|=1/√2 1000 rad/s = 159 Hz 45o phase shift @ w = 1/RC * * * * *