Laue Diffraction MichiganState University Est 1855 East 劳厄衍射密歇根州立大学EST 1855东.pptVIP

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Laue Diffraction MichiganState University Est 1855 East 劳厄衍射密歇根州立大学EST 1855东.ppt

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Laue Diffraction MichiganState University Est 1855 East 劳厄衍射密歇根州立大学EST 1855东

Laue Diffraction Bragg Reflection X-Ray Spectrum Hypothetical Energy Level Diagram Absorption of X-rays X-ray Absorption Auger Process Quantum Nature of Emission/Absorption * Laue diffraction of NaCl taken with radiation from a tungsten-target tube operated at 60 kV. The dark patch below the center disk was caused by scattered x-rays. To prevent overexposure, a lead disk masked the center for all but the last second of a 40 minute exposure. c e a b d’ q a c e a b d q a Links to Instructor notes page1.gif page1.pdf 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 l in ? X-ray intensity (arb. units) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ka Kb 5 kV 10 kV 20 kV 25 kV Characteristic radiation Continuous radiation or bremsstrahlung lmin 15 kV page1.gif Links to Instructor notes Energy in eV Principal quantum Number E = 0 E = -20 E = -200 E = -2000 E = -20,000 n = ? n = 4 (N-shell) n = 3 (M-shell) n = 2 (L-shell) n = 1 (K-shell) Ka Kb Kg K absorption edge La Lb L absorption edge page1.gif Links to Instructor notes page2.gif page3.gif page4.gif page5.gif 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 lK keV 8 9 10 15 20 30 50 100 ? ? Wavelength l X-ray energy To MI edge LI LII LIII x 10 LI l LII l LIII l Linear absorption coefficient (cm-1) K page1.gif Links to Instructor notes page2.gif Intensity of x-rays from copper Linear absorption coefficient of nickel Ka Kb 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 l in ? (a) No filter Kb Ka K absorption edge of nickel 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 l in ? (b) With Ni filter page1.gif Links to Instructor notes page2.gif hn0 K L M N Valence Neutral Atom Eelec. = (hn0 - EK - W) Eelec. = (EK - EL) - EM - W page1.gif Links to Instructor notes page2.gif III II I L K V IV III II I VII VI V IV III II I M N a2 a1 b3 b1 g2 g1 b g LI b h g LII LIII l b a Energy (log scale) For constructive interference in the upper figure: For constructive interference in the lower figure: These two equations can only be satisfied if q = a, yielding Bragg’s Law: Link to class notes From: Russel Wehr, James Richards, and Thomas Adair,