Predator Prey ystems with an Alternative Food Source另外一种食物来源的捕食者食饵系统.pptVIP

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Predator Prey ystems with an Alternative Food Source另外一种食物来源的捕食者食饵系统.ppt

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Predator Prey ystems with an Alternative Food Source另外一种食物来源的捕食者食饵系统

Predator Prey Systems with an Alternative Food Source By Karuna Batcha and Victoria Nicolov Introduction Extension Of Lotka-Volterra Realistic Application of the model Question: Under what conditions is stability likely to occur because of food source switching? Results: Differed significantly from Lotka Volterra, and adjustments to parameters lead to various long term solutions. Lotka-Volterra dR/dt = aR - bRF dF/dt = -cF + dRF R=rabbits F=foxes a=birth rate of rabbits c=death rate of foxes b=effect of the interaction between rabbits and foxes on rabbits d=benefit of the interaction between rabbits and foxes for foxes Geometric Representation Predator Prey Systems with an Alternative Food Source dR/dt = aR – fR(R,A)F dF/dt =-cF + CRfR(R,A)F + CAfA(R,A)F New Terms: fR(R,A)=the consumption rate of the prey, with respect to the prey and the alternative food source fA(R,A)=the consumption rate of the alternative food source with respect to the prey and the alternative food source CR=nutritional value of the prey CA=nutritional value of the alternative food source Functional Response Equations fR(R,A) = R/(1+TRR +pTAA) fA(R,A) =pA/(1+TRR +pTAA) A=the amount of the alternative food source R=the amount of rabbits TR=the time it takes for a predator to kill a prey TA=the time it takes to handle the alternative food source p=the probability the predator will consume the alternative food source upon encountering it Simplifications TR=TA p=1 A=b (the amount of the alternative food source is equal to some parameter b) fR(R,A) = R/(1+b+R) fA(R,A) = b/(1+b+R) Final Equation: dR/dt = aR –(b/(b+1+R))F dF/dt =-cF + CR(R/(b+1+R))F + CA(b/(b+1+R))F Example 1 a=3 c=1 CR=CA=1 b=1 Example 2 a=3 c=1 CR=1 CA=5 b=1 Example 3 a=3 c=1 CR=3 CA=1 b=1 Conclusion Nutritional values drastically changed the system No stable equilibrium (except (0,0)) Nullclines predicted the appearance of the graphs * * dR/dt = 3R –(1/(1+1+R))F dF/dt =-1F + 1(R/(1+1+R))F +1(1/(1+1+R))F dR