Precision Approach and Landing Systems Department of 精进近着陆系统部.pptVIP

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Precision Approach and Landing Systems Department of 精进近着陆系统部.ppt

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Precision Approach and Landing Systems Department of 精进近着陆系统部

Precision Approach and Landing Systems Approach – generally the phase flight immediately preceding landing Non-precision Approach Only horizontal guidance provided Precision Approach Vertical and horizontal guidance provided Precision Approach and Landing Systems Precision Approach Categories Cat I: 200 Ft. ceiling 2600 Ft. visibility Cat II: 100 Ft. decision height, 1200 Ft. RVR* *Runway Visual Range Cat III: subcat a: 0 Ft. decision height, 700 Ft. RVR subcat b: 0 Ft. decision height, 150 Ft. RVR subcat c: 0 Ft. decision height, 0 Ft. RVR Precision Approach and Landing Systems Note: The higher the category, the more stringent the requirements for ground and air installations and pilot qualifications e.g. extra runway lighting (centreline), approach lighting redundant transmitters (hot spares) autoland Runway Visual Range Approach and Runway Lighting Precision Approach and Landing Systems Precision Instrument Approach Systems Instrument Landing System (ILS) Microwave Landing System (MLS) Differential GLS (Local and WAAS) Instrument Landing System (ILS) ICAO standard approach system Developed in late 1940’s Over 110 installed in Canada Instrument Landing System (ILS) Components Localizer - horizontal guidance. Glide Path (or Glide Slope) - vertical guidance Marker Beacons - along - track position fixes (obsolete) DME (sometimes) Approach Lighting Instrument Landing System (ILS) Frequency (Localizer): 108MHz-112 MHz Even 10ths – gives 40 frequencies As with VOR, interference from FM broadcast stations can be a problem Frequency (Glide Path): 329MHz – 335 MHz (paired with localizer frequencies as specified by ICAO) Note: Receiver automatically selects Glide Path frequency when Localizer frequency is tuned Localizer The localizer antenna array is located at some distance (usually about 1000 Ft.) off the stop end of the runway Localizer The antenna array radiates two signals each with its own antenna pattern. One pattern is modulated with a 150Hz AM tone, the