Random Access Memory Anadolu Universitesi Kisisel Web 随机存取存储器，该Universitesi kisisel网站.pptVIP

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Random Access Memory Anadolu Universitesi Kisisel Web 随机存取存储器，该Universitesi kisisel网站.ppt

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Random Access Memory Anadolu Universitesi Kisisel Web 随机存取存储器，该Universitesi kisisel网站

11/3/2003 Random Access Memory MEMORY Memory Sequential circuits all depend upon the presence of memory. A flip-flop can store one bit of information. A register can store a single “word,” typically 32 or 64 bits. Memory allows us to store even larger amounts of data. Read Only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM) Static RAM (SRAM) Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Picture of Memory You can think of memory as being one big array of data. The address serves as an array index. Each address refers to one word of data. You can read or modify the data at any given memory address, just like you can read or modify the contents of an array at any given index. Memory Signal Types Memory signals fall into three groups Address bus - selects one of memory locations Data bus Read: the selected location’s stored data is put on the data bus Write (RAM): The data on the data bus is stored into the selected location Control signals - specifies what the memory is to do Control signals are usually active low Most common signals are: CS: Chip Select; must be active to do anything OE: Output Enable; active to read data WR: Write; active to write data Memory Address, Location and Size Location - the smallest selectable unit in memory Has 1 or more data bits per location. All bits in location are read/written together Cannot manipulate single bits in a location For k address signals, there are 2k locations in memory device Each location contains an n bit word Memory size is specified as #loc x bits per location 224 x 16 RAM - 224 = 16M words, each 16 bits long 24 address lines, 16 data lines #bits The total storage capacity is 224 x 16 = 228 bits Size matters! Memory sizes are usually specified in numbers of bytes (1 byte= 8 bits). The 228-bit memory on the previous page translates into: 228 bits / 8 bits per byte = 225 bytes With the abbreviations below, this is equivalent to 32 megabytes. Read-only memory (ROM) ROM Programming Content loading (programming) done many ways depending on device