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Regular Language Finite Automata California State University 正则语的有限自动机加利福尼亚州立大学
CS490 Presentation:Automata Language Theory Thong Lam Ran Shi Components of a Formal Language Symbol Alphabet String Grammar Components of a Formal Language Symbol A character, glyph, mark. An abstract entity that has no meaning by itself, often called uninterpreted. Letters from various alphabets, digits and special characters are the most commonly used symbols. Components of a Formal Language Alphabet A finite set of symbols. An alphabet is often denoted by sigma(Σ), yet can be given any name. B = {0, 1} Says B is an alphabet of two symbols, 0 and 1. C = {a, b, c} Says C is an alphabet of three symbols, a, b and c. Sometimes space and comma are in an alphabet while other times they are meta symbols used for descriptions. Components of a Formal Language String or Word A finite sequence of symbols from an alphabet. 01110 and 111 are strings from the alphabet B above. aaabccc and b are strings from the alphabet C above. A null string is a string with no symbols, usually denoted by epsilon(ε). The null string has length zero. The null string is usually denoted epsilon (ε). Vertical bars around a string indicate the length of a string expressed as a natural number. For example |00100| = 5, |aab| = 3, | epsilon | = 0 Components of a Formal Language Grammer A way to define a language by giving a finite set of rules that describe how valid strings may be constructed. Grammer(G) consists of an alphabet of terminals(Σ), variables(V), production rules(P) and a start symbol(S). G = (V, Σ, P, S). Formal Language A set of strings from an alphabet. The set may be empty, finite or infinite. L(M) is the notation for a language defined by a machine M. The machine M accepts a certain set of strings, thus a language. L(G) is the notation for a language defined by a grammar G. The grammar G recognizes a certain set of strings, thus a language. M(L) is the notation for a machine that accepts a language. The language L is a certain set of strings. G(L) is the notation for
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