数据仓库与数据挖掘课件PPT_6_Classification and .pptVIP

Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques Data Mining:  Concepts and Techniques — Chapter 6 — Jiawei Han Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign /~hanj ?2006 Jiawei Han and Micheline Kamber, All rights reserved Chapter 6. Classification and Prediction What is classification? What is prediction? Issues regarding classification and prediction Classification by decision tree induction Bayesian classification Rule-based classification Classification by back propagation Support Vector Machines (SVM) Associative classification Lazy learners (or learning from your neighbors) Other classification methods Prediction Accuracy and error measures Ensemble methods Model selection Summary Classification vs. Prediction Classification predicts categorical class labels (discrete or nominal) classifies data (constructs a model) based on the training set and the values (class labels) in a classifying attribute and uses it in classifying new data Prediction models continuous-valued functions, i.e., predicts unknown or missing values Typical applications Credit approval Target marketing Medical diagnosis Fraud detection Classification—A Two-Step Process Model construction: describing a set of predetermined classes Each tuple/sample is assumed to belong to a predefined class, as determined by the class label attribute The set of tuples used for model construction is training set The model is represented as classification rules, decision trees, or mathematical formulae Model usage: for classifying future or unknown objects Estimate accuracy of the model The known label of test sample is compared with the classified result from the model Accuracy rate is the percentage of test set samples that are correctly classified by the model Test set is independent of training set, otherwise over-fitting will occur If the accuracy is acceptable, use the model to classify data tuples whose class labels are not known Process (1): Model Construction Process (2):