_With Mental Retardation University of Minnesota Duluth人与精神发育迟滞明尼苏达大学德卢斯课件.ppt

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_With Mental Retardation University of Minnesota Duluth人与精神发育迟滞明尼苏达大学德卢斯课件.ppt

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_With Mental Retardation University of Minnesota Duluth人与精神发育迟滞明尼苏达大学德卢斯课件

People With Mental Retardation Chapter 9 Introduction / Definitions and Classification The most widely accepted definition of mental retardation is that of the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR). The major components of the AAMR definition (1992) include the following characteristics: Significant subaverage general intellectual functioning Adaptive skill deficits The age of onset refers Classification Severity may be discussed in terms of mild, moderate, severe, or profound retardation. Use of scores on intelligence tests Indicators of adaptive behavior Educability expectations are Mild - Educable (IQ 55 to70) Moderate - Trainable (IQ 40 to 55) Severe - Custodial (IQ 40 to 20) Profound – (IQ below 20) Classification Cont… Medical descriptors Classification based on needed support Intermittent supports Limited supports Extensive supports Pervasive supports Prevalence 11% of all students with disabilities are classified with mental retardation 611,076 children aged 6-21 Approximately 2.5% (6 million) of the general population would be classified as mildly retarded The remaining 0.5% (over 1 million) would fall into the range of moderate through profound mental retardation. Down Syndrome / 1 in every 1,000 children 47 chromosomes vs 46 Characteristics Learning and Memory Self regulation Adaptive skills Academic achievement Motivation Speech and language characteristics Physical characteristic Causation Sociocultural influences Biomedical factors Behavioral factors Traumas or physical agents Unknown prenatal influences Sociocultural Influences Living in adverse economic conditions. Receiving poor nutritional and medical care. Living in an environment that offers few opportunities for learning. For the majority of people with moderate, sever, profound mental retardation, problems are evident at birth. Biomedical Factors Chromosomal abnormalities Metabolism and nutrition Postnatal brain disease Behavioral Factors Infection and intoxication Maternal infec