精品（散光眼）_1课件.ppt

Chapter 8 ;A brief summary to the last lecture;2. Vision of the human eye;4. Optical instruments used in medicine (1) Magnifying glass (2) Compound microscope (3) Fibrescope;Wave optics (part 1) The corpuscular (微粒) theory of light (Until the middle of 17th century , Newton (1642-1727) supported). Ray optics can explain many of the properties of light, but there exist many other interesting and beautiful effects that cannot be explained by the geometric optics. For example, Experiments show that light bends around corners. The wave theory of light (Huygens (1629-95)) Interference effects of light were first observed by Thomas Yong in 1800. ;8.1 Interference (干涉) of light;;8.1.1 Optical length (optical length, distance, path);It is known that light travels at a different speed in different medium. The speed of light in a medium depends on the refractive index of the medium. From the definition of the refractive index, we obtain;Where ?0 is wavelength of light in free space. So the wavelength of light becomes shorter in medium. Light path length is not the geometrical length of the light travel and it is defined as the product of refractive index and the geometrical distance the light travels. ;Let’s have a look at the light path length at the same period t when it travels in two different medium. We choose medium one is free space and medium two with refractive index n. in free space: opitacl length = n0 S = n0 c t = ct;So it is found that though the lights traveling in different medium have different geometrical path (S and L) at the same period, they have the same light path length. So when we calculate the phase in medium n, we can use the formula directly;8.1.2 Young’s double-slit experiments;1. Coherent conditions of light: The wave has fixed wavelength. The incident beam should be monochromatic (单色的). The secondary wavelets that originate from the two small openings are in phase at their point of origin in the openings. The openings are small in