脑膜与脑脊液课件.ppt

The Meninges of Brain, and the Cerebrospinal Fluid The Meninges of Brain and spinal cord The spinal cord and brain are surrounded by three membranes, the meninges. Named from the outside inward they are the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater. The Meninges of Brain Cerebral dural mater 硬脑膜 Cerebral arachnoid mater 脑蛛网膜 Cerebral pia mater 软脑膜 Cerebral dural mater 硬脑膜 Characters A thick and dense inelastic membrane that composed of two layers, an inner or meningeal and outer or endosteal It is in loose contact with calvaria, and most strongly adherent to base of skull Four septa Cerebral falx 大脑镰 Tentorium of cerebellum小脑幕 tentorial incisure 幕切迹, Cerebellar falx 小脑镰 Diaphragma sellae 鞍隔 Sinuses of duramater 硬脑膜窦 Superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦 Inferior sagittal sinus 下矢状窦 Straight sinus 直窦 Confluence of sinus 窦汇 Cavernous sinus 海绵窦 Position: lies on each side of sella turcica Relations of cavernous sinus: Internal carotid artery and abducent nerve run through the sinus Oculomotor and trochlear nerves and ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve lie in the lateral wall of the sinus The flowing of the blood in dural sinus Cerebral arachnoid mater 脑蛛网膜 Characters a delicate membrane covering brain loosely, passing over sulci and entering only cerebral longitudinal and transverse fissures Arachnoid granulations 蛛网膜粒 Cerebral pia mater 软脑膜 Closely invests brain surface, in some areas the pia invaginates into ventricles to take part in the formation of choroids plexus 视网膜下池（脑池） Subarachnoid cisterns 脑室系统 海马hippocampus， 海马是由海马沟卷入脑室而成的潜在皮质回。其前端宽大称海马脚，被2—3条纵行浅沟分成数个趾状隆起，称海马趾。 大脑纵裂池 乳头体层面 1 大脑纵裂池 2 大脑外侧窝池 3 第三脑室 4 环池 5 四叠体池 6 终板池 1 2 5 4 3 6 胼胝体压部层面 松果体层面 鞍上池层面 脑蛛网膜 软脑膜 蛛网膜下隙 小脑延髓池 交叉池 脚间池 桥池 蛛网膜颗粒 侧 脑 室 侧脑室 lateral ventricle位于大脑两半球内，形状不规则，可分为前角、中央部、后角、下角四部，前借室间孔与第三脑室相通。 中央部 前角 后角 下角 前角：为室间孔以前的部分，伸入额叶，冠状断面