鼻解剖生理出血外伤课件.pptVIP

NOSE External Nose Nasal cavity Nasal Septum Lateral wall Mucosa of nose Venous Nerve Nasal sinus Nasal sinus Frontal sinus Function of the nose Function of sinus Epistaxis General Introduction Epistaxis is defined as acute hemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. Frequency: occurs in 1 of every 7 people. Age: peaks in age 2-10 years and 50-80 years. Season: colder months and dry colder climates. Local Causes Trauma surgery foreign bodies nasal or sinus infections Anatomic deformities(deviated nasal septum) Tumour Systemic Cause Vascular abnormalities (Sclerotic vessels /Hereditary hemorrhage /Arteriovenous malformation / Neoplasm ) Hypertension Disorder of clotting mechanisms Drug Malnutrition Special infection (AIDS) Bleeding site A common source of anterior epistaxis is Kiesselbach plexus Bleeding may also originate anterior to the inferior turbinate. Posterior hemorrhage originates below the posterior half of the inferior turbinate or roof of the nasal cavity. Treatment Pinching the sides of the nose together for 5 to 10 minutes Insert anterior and/or posterior pack in nose Cautery silver nitrate electrocautery microwave Clip the artery Fracture of the Nose Symptom of broken nose Swollen nose Nose pain Bruised nose Bleeding nose -the mucous membrane tears Numb face Tingling face Misshapen nose The cartilage of the nasal septum break. The cartilage may die, resulting in a saddle nose deformity. examination Physical examination X-ray - sometimes delayed until swelling has gone down Diagnosis the bridge of the nose irregularities in shape and alignment movement of bones, the rough sensation of broken bones moving against one another, and tenderness. X-rays can determine the proper bone alignment. Treatment Manipulates the bones into their normal position Packing nose with gauze Surgery Pain relief medications 小结 鼻分为：外鼻、鼻腔和鼻窦。鼻腔内侧壁为鼻中隔，鼻腔外侧壁分别有三个鼻甲和三个鼻道。鼻窦分四组，鼻道窦口复合体对鼻