热能与动力工程专业外语.docVIP

UNIT2热对流 For both situation shown in Fig.1.2,we express the overall effect of convection,we use New-ton”s law of cooling: Q=Ha(Tw-T8横) 在图1.2所示的两种情况，我们对对流的整体效果，我们使用的冷却新吨级“定律为: Q=Ha(Tw-T8横) UNIT3Thermodynamic considerations show that an idea thermal radiator ,or blackbody ,will emit energy at a rate proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature of the body and directly proportional to its surface area. Thus q(emitted)=σAT4 (1-6) 热力学规律揭示出一个理想的热辐射体或黑体，所散发出能量的速度与其自身的绝对温度的四次方和其表面积成正比。即（公式） Where σ is the proportionality constant and is called the Stefan-Boltzmann constant with the value of 5.669*10-8 W/m2k4. Equation(1-6)is called the Stefan-Boltzmann law of thermal radiation, and it applies only to blackbodies. It is important to note that this equation is valid only for thermal radiation; other types of electromagnetic radiation may not be treated so simply. 其中σ是比例常数，值为5.669*10-8 W/m2k4称为斯蒂凡玻尔兹曼常数。公式（1-6）被称为热辐射斯蒂凡玻尔兹曼定律，它仅适用于黑体。重要的是要注意这个公式只适用于热辐射;其他类型的电磁辐射可不能如此简单对待。 UNIT8气体燃料的燃烧机理 Combustion of gaseous fuels occurs by the laws of branched chain reactions which where discovered by Soviet Academician N.N.Semenov and C.N.Hinshelwood.The conversion of the original substances to the final products passes through a sequence of reaction links which are connected in succession with one another and develop in the volume of a combustible mixture like the branches of a tree develop from its trunk. This results in the formation of the final reaction products and of even greater number of active centres which further ensure the development of the reaction in the confining volume. 气体燃料燃烧时由苏联院士NNSemenov和CNHinshelwood发现支链反应法。通过反应与另一个连接在继承和发展的一个可燃混合气的体积，像一棵树的树枝从树干的链接序列的原始物质转化为最终产品。在最终的反应产物和更活跃的中心，进一步确保围体积的反应发展形成这样的结果。 Let us consider the mechanism of branched chain reactions,taking as an example the combustion of hydrogen in air. By the stoichiometric equation 让我们考虑支链反应的机制，作为一个例子，在空气中燃烧的氢。通过计量公式 2H2+O2=2H2O The rate of reaction between molecules of the combustible