第九篇 社会影响.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Social Influence 社会影响 Social Influence 从众Conformity Changing one’s beliefs or behavior to be consistent with group standards 顺从Compliance Doing what we are asked to do even if we prefer not to 服从Obedience to Authority Complying with a person or group perceived to be a legitimate authority 从众Conformity Changing one’s beliefs or behavior to be consistent with group standards “Why doth one man’s yawning make another yawn?” —ROBERT BURTON（牧师）, ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY（忧郁的解析）, 1621 从众Conformity 黑暗中的猜测：Sherif似动效应的研究Sherif’s Autokinetic Effect Study（1936） Participants estimated the apparent (but illusory) movement of a light. When alone, estimates varied from one inch to 800 feet. When put in groups of 2 or 3, participants’ estimates converged. The effect of group influence persisted when individuals were alone again. 清晰条件下的从众：Asch的研究 Solomon Asch Born：September 14, 1907Warsaw, Poland Died：February 20, 1996 (aged 88)Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA Residence Poland (1907–1920) United States (1920–1996) NationalityPolish Fields：Psychology (Gestalt, social cognitive) InstitutionsCollege of the City of New York, Columbia University,Swarthmore College, Harvard University Alma materCollege of the City of New York, Columbia University Academic advisors H. E. Garrett Notable students Stanley Milgram Known?for Social psychology (Social influence, conformity) 清晰条件下的从众：Asch的研究 清晰条件下的从众：Asch的研究 Subjects’ task was to pick the line on the left that best matched the target line on the right in length. Alone, people virtually never erred. But when four or five others before them gave the wrong answer, people erred about 35% of the time. Conformity Moscovici的研究Moscovici study（1969）: Members of 6-person groups rate color of slides; all slides are blue w/variation Experimental group has two confederates call some slides green; control group has no confederates In experimental groups, about a third of participants report at least one slide as green. 个人为什么会从众？ Conformity