植物体内生长素合成的研究进展PPT课件.ppt

植物体内生长素合成的研究进展——生长素的种类、作用、合成途径; 生长素早在1880年达尔文通过胚芽鞘实验就被发现,也是最早被发现的一种植物激素。1930年鉴定是吲哚乙酸(IAA)。; 生长素的作用;生长素在体内的分布和运输;生长素的合成途径; (1) 吲哚乙酰胺（IAM）途径：在拟南芥中已经证实了Trp通过IAM这个中间体转化为IAA，编码这个催化过程的酶的基因还是未知的，不过IAM转化为IAA的基因IAM1在拟南芥中已经确定。最近有报道称，玉米种有与IAM1相似的序列，但未证实。 ; （4）吲哚-3-丙酮酸（IPA）途径：在拟南芥中，通过色氨酸转氨酶（TAA1）和相关蛋白TAR1和TAR2，将Trp被转换为IPA，不知道IPA是如何转换为吲哚-3-乙醛（IAAId），但在玉米和拟南芥中已确定，醛氧化酶催化IAAId转化为生长素的。 这里我们将鉴定vt2，它是是玉米中TAA1/TAR1/TAR2的同源基因。;vanishing tassel2 Encodes a Grass-Specific Tryptophan Aminotransferase Required for Vegetative and Reproductive Development in Maize;Main content;Abstract;vt2 mutants have dramatic effects on vegetative and reproductive development. vt2 mutants share many similarities with sparse inflorescence1 (spi1) mutants in maize. Both spi1 and vt2 function in auxin biosynthesis in maize, possibly in the same pathway rather than independently as previously proposed.;Introduction;Here, we identify vanishing tassel2 (vt2), a maize co-ortholog of TAA1/TAR1/TAR2.;Both the TAA1 and YUC gene families exhibit genetic redundancy and function in auxin biosynthesis, which raises the question of why neither pathway can compensate for the other.;1. vt2 Functions in Vegetative Development，Inflorescence Development， Axillary（腋窝） Meristem Formation during Inflorescence Development 2. vt2 Does Not Functionin Axillary Meristem Formation during Vegetative Development 3. Positional Cloning of vt2 4. vt2 Is Co-Orthologous to Trp Aminotransferases from Arabidopsis 5. vt2 Is Expressed in the Epidermis and Vasculature …… ;1.vt2 Functions in Vegetative Development;As there is no difference in the timing of the juvenile-to-adult transition in vt2 mutants, this indicates that the later-formed adult leaves are those that are missing in vt2 mutants.;2. vt2 Functions in Inflorescence Development (1)vt2 mutants showed severe defects in the inflorescence ;To test whether the reduction in tassel length in vt2 was caused by a reduction in cell size, the length of cells in the epi