免疫学检查 英文PPT课件.ppt

3.induced by exogenous agents - Drug induced hemolytic anemia ( Immune hemolytic anemia ) Example Disease 3 Drug reactions On one side,the absorber drug or drug metabolite can combine RBC, on the other hand,it also can stimulate B ly to produce antibody, then the antibody will combine to RBC via the drug or its metabolite, at last ,C will activate, lead to hemolysis. Laboratory Diagnosis mainly to detect the antibody 1. Coombs test ( Antiglobulin test ) * Direct Coombs test - detect the RBC which bound by Ab * Indirect Coombs test - free Ab in serum 2. Direct immunofluorescence - Ab on tissue direct Coombs test is used to detect if antibodies or complement system factors have bound to RBC surface antigens in vivo. is not currently required for pre-transfusion testing but may be included by some laboratories. The direct Coombs test is used clinically when immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (antibody-mediated destruction of RBCs) is suspected. A positive Coombs test indicates that an immune mechanism is attacking the patients own RBCs. This mechanism could be autoimmunity, alloimmunity or a drug-induced immune-mediated mechanism. indirect Coombs test is used to detect in-vitro antibody-antigen reactions. It is used to detect very low concentrations of antibodies present in a patients plasma/serum prior to a blood transfusion. In antenatal care,it is used to screen pregnant women for antibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn. The IAT can also be used for compatibility testing, antibody identification, RBC phenotyping, and titration studies. Direct immunofluorescence Immunofluorescence is the labeling of antibodies with fluo’rescent dyes.In places which the antibody is exist ,we can find green coloured under the fluorescence microscope . . histological section smear with HEP-2 cell Type Ⅲ Hypersensitivity (Immune complex) Type Ⅲ Hypersensitivity  (Immune complex) Features for t