冲击回转进技术 空气及天然气钻井 翻译.doc

本科生毕业设计（论文） 翻译资料 中文题目： 空气及天然气钻井 英文题目： Air and Gas Drilling 学生姓名： 学 号： 班 级： 专 业 指导教师： Chapter One Introduction This engineering practice book has been prepared for engineers, earth scientists,and technicians who work in modern rotary drilling operations. The book derives and illustrates engineering calculation techniques associated with air and gas drilling technology. Since this book has been written for a variety of professionals and potential applications, the authors have attempted to minimize the use of field equations. Also the technical terminology used in the book should be easily understood by all those who study this technology. In nearly all parts of the book,equations are presented that can be used with any set of consistent units. Although most of the example calculations use English units, a reader can easily convert to the Systeme Internationale d?Units (SI units) using the tables in Appendix A. Air and gas drilling technology is the utilization of compressed air or other gases as a rotary drilling circulating fluid to carry the rock cuttings to the surface that are generated at the bottom of the well by the advance of the drill bit. The compressed air or other gas (e.g., nitrogen or natural gas) can be used by itself, or can be injected into the well with incompressible fluids such as fresh water, formation water, or formation oil. There are three distinct operational applications for this technology: air or gas drilling operations (using only the compressed air or other gas as the circulating fluid), aerated drilling operations (using compressed air or other gas mixed with an incompressible fluid), and stable foam drilling operations (using the compressed air or other gas with an incompressible fluid to create a continuous foam circulating fluid). 1.1 Rotary Drilling Rotary drilling is a method used to drill deep boreholes in rock formations of the earth?s crust. This method is comparatively new, having been