人教版高中英语选修八第6讲unitInventorsandinventions语法篇.docxVIP

第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。一. 概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。(一). 分词的作用：作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my son.The excited people rushed into the building.A lost opportunity never returns.He is a retired worker.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.This is the question given.There is nothing interesting.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.She looked tired with cooking.He remained standing beside the table.作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him singing the song.I heard my name called.I can’t make myself understood in English.I found my car missing.I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(二). 分词的时态与主语动词同时。如：Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.做完作业，他出去散步。(三). 分词的语态通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：He is the man giving you/who gave you the book他就是给你书的那个人She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴二. 现在分