Diabetic Retinopathy：糖尿病性视网膜病变.ppt

IronHide Confidential Diabetic Retinopathy The healthy eye Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, pupil and lens. These light rays are focused directly onto the retina, the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. The retina converts light rays into impulses; sent through the optic nerve to your brain, where they are recognized as images. What is diabetes? Diabetes Mellitus is the inability of the body to use and store sugar properly, resulting in high blood sugar levels. Results in changes in veins, arteries and capillaries in the body. How does diabetes affect vision? Could develop cataracts (clouding of the naturally clear lens in the eye). May develop glaucoma (a disease of the optic nerve). Risk of developing diabetic retinopathy: damage occurs to the fragile blood vessels inside the retina. Diabetic retinopathy Two types of diabetic retinopathy: Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) Early stage diabetic retinopathy Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) Later stage diabetic retinopathy Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) Also called background diabetic retinopathy. Earliest stage of diabetic retinopathy. Damaged blood vessels in the retina leak extra fluid and small amounts of blood into the eye. Cholesterol or other fat deposits from blood, called hard exudates, may leak into retina. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy With NPDR, your central vision is affected by any of the following: Hard exudates on the central retina (macula). Microaneurysms (small bulges in blood vessels of the retina that often leak fluid). Retinal hemorrhages (tiny spots of blood that leak into the retina). Macular edema (swelling/thickening of macula). Macular ischemia (closing of small blood vessels/capillaries). Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy Macular edema Macula thickens or swells, affecting vision. Most common cause of vision loss in diabetes. Vision loss may be mild to severe. Peripheral (side) vision remains. Laser treatment