人教版高中英语选修九第4讲Unit2sailingtheocean语法篇.docVIP

第4讲 Unit 2 Sailing the oceans语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 明确谓语的概念； 2. 复习动词谓语的用法； 3. 辨认谓语的形式。 一. 定义及动词 1. 谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。通常放置在主语之后。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。 2. 动词可分为: 及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词、情态动词。 （1）需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词。 Children seek independence. The trial raised a number of questions. He has always liked Mr. Philips. He made the shortest speech I have ever heard. （2）不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词。 Her whole body ached. Donald was lying on the bed. Bob coughed all night. （3）许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。 Gus asked me whether I’d like to have dinner with him. I accepted. (vi.) I accepted the invitation. (vt.) He painted every day. (vi.) He painted vivid portraits of friends and acquaintances. (vt.) Father never smoked or drank all his life. (vi.) He drank a good deal of coffee. (vt.) At last she thanked them and left. (vi.) All I know is that Michael and I never left the house. (vt.) 二. 谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语和复合谓语。 1. 简单谓语：凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。 The plane takes off at 8 but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog． I have tried this way three times and failed three times． 2. 复合谓语： 第一类是由情态动词+动词原型或动词不定式与另外的词构成； 第二类是由“系动词+表语”构成。 I would like to invite all my friends to the get-together. The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer. 三. 动词数的问题：主谓一致 主要遵循三个原则，意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。 （二）意义一致原则：是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。 The old are very well taken care of in our city．(the old指所有的老年人，指一类人，指复数概念) 1. 在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. 　 All are present. 2. 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. His family isnt very large. His family are music lovers. 3. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).ver min等在任何情况下都用复数形式. Are there any police around？ 4. 有些名词,如variety, num