语言学概论- （四）.pptVIP

Chapter IVSyntax Syntax and Grammar Syntax: A Definition Syntax and Chomsky Categories and Structure Word-level Categories N: Harry, boy, wheat, policy V: arrive, discuss, melt A: good, tall, old, intelligent P: to, in, on, neat, blond Ad: silently, slowly, now, quietly Det: the, a this Deg: too, so, very, quiet Aux: will, can, must Qual: always, perhaps, never Conj: and, or, but Meaning and Grammar Meaning: an inseparable part of language as well as syntax Colored cat eats the mouse. *Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. *The French king is an three-eyed dragon. Phrase Structure and X-bar NP the book VP hit the man PP in the box AP walk slowly contains ? + P so collapse to X-bar (let ? = X) X-P x + P XP XP Specifier X Complement head Sentences The S Rule S NP VP S NP VP Det N V NP Det N A scientist discovered the answer Complement and Options S NP Infl VP past N Det N V Det N The boy devoured the sandwich Transformations Transformation: a syntactic movement S NP VP Det N Infl V the girl will leave Transformation Moving