拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂课件_2.pptVIP

拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂 Pyrethroid insecticide Pyrethrum(除虫菊) is found in the flowers of plants belonging to the family Compositae(菊科) and the genus Chrysanthemum(菊属). Originally pyrethrum flowers came from Yugoslavia(南斯拉夫) and Japan, but Kenya(肯尼亚) now supplies most of them. 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 Pyrethrum powders were first used around 1800, and by 1851 their use was world-wide. The ground flowers can be used as an insecticide, but this is very wasteful. Pyrethrum concentrates may be prepared from the ground flowers by extracting with petroleum ether(石油醚), acetone, glacial acetic acid(冰醋酸), ethylene dichloride(二氯乙烷), or methanol. 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 Technical pyrethrum contains 20~30% of the toxic ingredient, and after filtration(过滤) and reextraction the concentrate contains 90~100% pyrethrins(除虫菊酯). 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 Pyrethrum is essentially nontoxic to mammals (acute oral LD50 in rats about 1500mg/kg) and is very fast-acting toward insects. It rapidly paralyzes insects, especially houseflies, and is commonly used in fly sprays and household insecticides. Often DDT or other insecticides are mixed with the pyrethrins because insects may later recover from pyrethrum alone. 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 Pyrethrums are highly unstable in the presence of light, moisture, and air. Whole flowers decompose(分解) more slowly than ground flowers or dust. Stored powders lose about 20% of their potency in 1 year. 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 synthetic pyrethrin The pyrethrin compounds are viscous(黏稠的) liquids which are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents and oils. They are hydrolyzed in water, and the process is speededy acid or alkali. 第四章 拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂药理学 The pyrethins are contact insecticides and have almost no stomach poison action because they are so readily hydrolyzed to nontoxic products. Their primary action is on the insect central nervous system, as shown by the fact that they produce such rapid paralysis. 一、拟除菊酯类杀虫剂的发展 Allethrin(丙烯除虫菊酯) was the first synthetic pyrethrum analogue(1954)