人教版高中语必修五第2讲Unit1Greatscientists语法篇.docxVIP

Unit 1 Great scientists语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________理解过去分词做定语和表语的语法功能；了解现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别；能够正确使用过去分词作定语，学会作相关题目；过去分词做定语和表语1. 过去分词作定语1)语法功能过去分词或过去分词短语作定语时，其功能相当于一个定语从句。被修饰的词是分词所表示的行为的承受者；在逻辑上，它们是动宾关系。The stolen bike belongs to Jack. The bike which was stolen belongs to Jack. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection. The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection. 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面the affected people受感染的人 a broken heart一颗破碎的心a lost dog丧家之犬a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯Attention：过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody, those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。Is?there?anything?unsolved?? There?is?noting?changed?here?since?I?left?this?town.过去分词短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。people exposed to cholera= people who was exposed to cholerathe book recommended by Jack= the book which was recommended by Jackthe machines produced last year= the machines which were produced last yearc. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动，只表完成。a risen sun已升起的太阳 the gone days 逝去的时光fallen leaves 落叶现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的动作；过去分词作定语，所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，(或者没有一定的时间性)。The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him. Have you read the book recommended by your teacher?这是你老师推荐的书吗？对比：①the changing world（正在变化的）the changed world（变化了的）②boiling water（正在沸腾的）boiled water（已经沸腾过的）③fading flowers(正在凋谢的) faded flowers（已经凋谢的）④a developing country(发展中的) a developed country（发达的）⑤a drowning man快要淹死的人 a drowned man已经淹死的人⑥falling leaves正在飘落的树叶 fallen leaves落叶⑦a retired worker退休工人 an escaped prisoner逃犯3）及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式(being done)都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作。如：the problem discussed yesterday; the problem being discussed 2. 过去分词做表语1) 过去分词（短语）作表语时, 其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态。如：①All the windows are broken. ②All hope is gone. ③He looked worried after reading the letter.常见作表语的过去分词有： disappointed, drunk, amu