Bohr ModelAtomic Spectra玻尔modelatomic谱.ppt

Bohr Model/Atomic Spectra Bohr model - electrons in circular orbits (called shells or energy levels) Numbered starting from nucleus Shells closer to nucleus are lower in energy Add (absorb) energy to move to an outer level Remove (emit) energy to drop to an inner level Only a certain number of electrons can occupy an energy level Energy level Max. # of electrons 1 2 electrons 2 8 electrons 3 18 electrons 4 32 electrons Ground state - electrons in lowest energy state Excited state - if electrons absorb enough energy, they may jump to a higher level - they are “excited” Excited state is unstable Electrons can drop back to lower energy level, and emit energy in a specific frequency Energy absorbed or emitted in quanta Quantum - amount needed to jump from one level to another Easier to do further from the nucleus Can escape atom completely When returning to a lower level, quantum of energy is given off in the form of light at specific frequencies, producing bright-line spectra, which can be used to identify that element Spectra Excited or ground state? Compare unknown to 2-8-18 If electrons appear in a higher level before lower one is completely full, you have excited electrons Chemical properties are affected by valence electrons (electrons in outer levels) Examples of excited atoms: Element Ground state Excited state Ne 2-8 2-7-1 Li 2-1 1-2 N 2-5 1-6 Sketching Bohr Models -handout 1. Draw circle to represent nucleus. 2. Inside the nucleus - write the element symbol, number of protons, and number of neutrons. 3. Draw concentric circles to hold electrons. (No more than 2 in first level, 8 in second level, etc.) 4. For an ion, note the net charge. 5. For an isotope, check for the correct number of neutrons. * *