美学课程 - 艺术的本质与审美.ppt

‘AESTHETIC’ AND AESTHETICS The term ‘aesthetic’ was coined by Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762) in 1750. It comes from Greek word aesth‘tikos meaning ‘sense perception.’ After Kant (1724-1804) in the 18th century, aesthetics is one of traditional five main branches of philosophy - with logic, epistemology, ethics, and metaphysics. Kant’s Critique of Judgment is published in 1790. AESTHETICS, PHILOSOPHY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF ART Aesthetics and the philosophy of art are treated as the same thing by some philosophers, and as different by others. Aesthetics is traditionally concerned with the investigation of the kinds of object which produce aesthetic experience. These kinds of object include at least certain artworks and certain parts of nature. AESTHETICS AND SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS According to Baumgarten, ‘aesthetics’ designates a special area of philosophical investigation. It is an analysis of beauty based not on objects of perception, but on the perception of objects. As Marcia Eaton points out, this is a shift from object to subject - to what people experience when experiencing an object aesthetically. ARTWORKS AND BEAUTIFUL OBJECTS BEAUTY AND EXPERIENCE Experience is indispensable in aesthetics. It is unintelligible to speak of the beauty of something if it is not possible for beings who are capable of experience to experience or be aware of its beauty. How could we speak of the visual beauty of an object if it is not possible to see it, the auditory beauty of something which it is not possible to hear, or the intellectual beauty of something which it is not possible to apprehend? Take away all possible experience of an object, and you take away any meaning which the‘beauty’ of that object can have. ARTWORKS AND SUBJECTS Artworks are related to subjects in two ways: a) An artwork presupposes an artist who conceived of and intentionally produced it; b) An artwork presupposes the possible experience of subjects to whom it is intentionally directed. ART, BEAUTY,