A quick reference guide to recommended limits to prevent WMSDs：一个快速参考指南推荐的限制，以防止WMSDs.pptVIP

A Quick Guide on Recommended Limits to Prevent WMSD* Hazards *WMSD: work-related musculoskeletal disorders DISCLAIMER These recommended limits are to be used only as a reference for safe work practices. The recommended limits in these slides are voluntary. Its application is not required to employers, businesses and workers in Washington. They are intended to support business owners and employees efforts to reduce and prevent musculoskeletal disorders at their workplaces. What You Will Learn Recommended limits to prevent work-  related musculoskeletal disorders or WMSDs such as back sprain, strain, shoulder sprain, arm and wrist tendonitis, etc. Navigating this presentation Topics covered LIFTING Lifting 75 pounds once a day is a heavy lift Lifting 55 pounds, 10 times a day is a heavy lift Lifting 25 pounds, above the shoulders, below the knees or at arms length, 25 times a day is an awkward lift Lifting 10 pounds, twice per minute, two hours a day is a frequent lift AWKWARD POSTURES Awkward postures Hands above the head or elbows above the shoulders is an awkward posture Awkward postures Neck or back bent more than 30 degrees is an awkward posture Awkward postures Kneeling is an awkward posture Awkward postures Squatting is an awkward posture FORCEFUL PINCHING, GRIPPING Forceful pinching Pinching an object weighing 2 pounds (like the force needed to pinch half a ream of paper), is a forceful pinch Forceful gripping Gripping an object weighing 10 pounds (like the force needed to clamp automobile jumper cables onto a battery), is a forceful grip REPETITIVE MOTION Repetitive motion Repeating the same motion with the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists or hands, every few seconds is repetitive motion INTENSIVE KEYING Intensive Keying Keying regularly, more than 4 hours total per day is intensive keying HAND-ARM VIBRATION Hand-arm vibration Using high vibrating tools like impact wrenches, chain saws, jack ham