解剖学骨结构课件.pptVIP

Introduction of the osteology 骨学总论 3. Flat bones: thin, 4. Irregular bones: have any irregular or mixed shape, e.g. vertebrae, pneumatic bones 含气骨 * Sesamoid bones 籽骨develop within tendon General structures of bone骨的构造 Bony substance 骨质 Periosteum 骨膜 Bone marrow 骨髓 General structures of bone骨的构造 1. Bony substance 骨质 compact bone 骨密质 spongy bone 骨松质 Trabeculae 骨小梁 General structures of bone骨的构造 ※In the flat bones of the skull, the layers of compact bone are called the outer plate 外板and inner plate 内板, while the layer of spongy bone is called the diplo? 板障 General structures of bone骨的构造 2. Periosteum 骨膜: Outer or fibrous layer Inner layer is vascular and provides the underlying bone with nutrition. It also contains osteoblasts(成骨细胞) Endosteum 骨内膜 is a single-cellular osteogenic layer lining the inner surface of bone. 3. Bone marrow 骨髓 Red marrow 红骨髓：haematopoietic 造血 Yellow marrow黄骨髓: fatty Chemical composition and physical properties化学成分和物理性质 Organic material 有机质：the main one is collagen gives the bones resilience and toughness Inorganic salts 无机质： the main one is calcium phosphate give the bones hardness and rigidity Organic material Inorganic salts Children 1 1 Adult 3 7 Old 1 4 Ⅰ. Bones of trunk 躯干骨 Composition: Vertebrae 椎骨 Sacrum 骶骨 Coccyx 尾骨 Sternum 胸骨 Ribs 肋 1. Vertebrae 椎骨 There are 33 vertebrae in children, arranged as follows: Cervical vertebrae 颈椎 C. 7 Thoracic vertebrae 胸椎 T. 12 Lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 L. 5 Sacral vertebrae 骶椎 S. 5 →sacrum 骶骨 Coccygeal vertebrae 尾椎 Co.3-4 →coccyx 尾骨 1）General features of vertebrae椎骨的一般形态 Vertebral body 椎体 Vertebral arch 椎弓 pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根: sup. and inf. vertebral notch 椎上、下切迹 lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板 process (7): spinous process 棘突 transverse process 横突 sup. and inf. articular processes 上、下关节突 Vertebral foramen 椎孔 Vertebral canal 椎管 Intervertebral foramen 椎间孔 2）Regional variations of vertebrae各部椎骨