安康市农村动力转移的特点及理策略研究.docVIP

安康市农村劳动力转移的特点及管理策略研究 摘要 本文借鉴了发展经济学对农村劳动力转移的理论作为指导，借鉴国内外学者对与农 村劳动力转移的研究论述，结合安康实际，通过调查走访，依靠各项统计资料数据，对 安康劳动力转移的现状、存在的问题进行了分析研究，并提出了针对性的建议。主要研 究结果如下： 1、安康是一个传统农业城市。人多地少、土壤贫瘠，粮食产量不高限制了农业经 济的进一步发展；农村劳动力过剩，农村50%的适龄劳动力闲置；农民收入水平远低于 城镇居民，城乡发展不均衡；经济正向工业化中期转变。种种因素决定安康必须要进行 农村劳动力转移。 2、从目前安康农村劳动力转移现状来看，依靠亲友介绍，去外省市务工仍是主体。 转移劳动力虽然文化水平逐年提高，但整体水平仍然较低。从事的行业多为建筑、采矿 业。去向多位东部地区。 3、目前安康农村劳动力转移仍存在诸多问题，主要表现在：（1）农村劳动力素质 偏低，劳动技能不强，导致大部分劳动力只有从事高强度体力劳动，工作缺乏稳定性， 收入较低。（2）大量劳动力转移带来的社会问题日益凸显，留守老人、儿童问题需引起 足够重视。（3）缺乏有效的市场引导，盲目转移较多。（4）由于户籍制度问题导致农村 劳动力转移的不稳定。（5）国企改革，大量的城市下岗职工与农村劳动力“争食”形成 矛盾。（6）农村劳动力转移的收入低，权益得不到合法保证，影响农村劳动力转移的积 极性。 4、安康市农村劳动力转移应从以下方面进行加强：（1）推进城镇化进程，加快小 城镇建设；（2）增强乡镇企业活力，提高劳动力吸纳能力；（3）完善劳动力市场体系， 加强劳动力转移的市场引导；（4）大力发展面向农村劳动力的职业技能培训，提高农村 劳动力素质；（5）通过有效手段，保障转移的农村劳动力权益；（6）坚持劳务输出与 鼓励农民共返乡创业并重，提高农村劳动力创业积极性。 关键词：安康；农村劳动力转移；研究THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANKANG RURAL LABOR MIGRATION AND MANAGEMENT ABSTRACT With the economic theory of rural labor force migration as the guide and combined with the research of domestic and foreign scholars,status of Ankang of rural labor migration and problems concerned were studied.The suggestions for management of rural migrants were put forward.Key findings are as follows: 1.Ankang is a traditional agricultural town,with too many people and less farming land. Grain production has limited further development of the agricultural economy.Rural labor surplus in rural areas accounts for 50%of total labor force,with lower income than urban residents,which caused unbalanced development among urban and rural area.The economy is transforming towards industrialization.Migration of rural labor forces has become a tendency. 2.From the current Ankang of the current situation of the rural labor force,relying on friends and relatives introduced to other provinces and cities are still the main migrant workers.Although the cultural level of the transfer of labor force has gradually increased,but the overall level remains low.Are mostly engaged in the construction industry,mining industry