InfoVis Lecture - Tree 1中树1讲座.pptVIP

Hierarchies Definition Data repository in which cases are related to subcases Can be thought of as imposing an ordering in which cases are parents or ancestors of other cases Hierarchies in the World Pervasive Family histories, ancestries File/directory systems on computers Organization charts Animal kingdom: Phylum,…, genus,… Object-oriented software classes Species history Y axis = time Is it really discrete ? Trees Hierarchies often represented as trees Directed, acyclic graph Two main representation schemes Node-link (1/2) Space-filling (2/2) Node-Link Diagrams Root at top, leaves at bottom is very common Or left-right Aligned / no brotherhood Sample Representation Examples Why Put Root at Top? Drawing a Tree Potential Problems For top-down, width of fan-out uses up horizontal real estate very quickly At level n, there are 2n nodes for binary tree Tree might grow a lot along one particular branch Hard to draw it well in view without knowing how it will branch InfoVis Solutions Techniques developed in Information Visualization largely try to assist the problems identified in the last slide Alternatively, Information Visualization techniques attempt to show more attributes of data cases in hierarchy or focus on particular applications of trees 3D Approaches Add a third dimension into which layout can go Compromise of top-down and centered techniques mentioned earlier Children of a node are laid out in a cylinder “below” the parent Siblings live in one of the 2D planes Cone Trees Alternate Views Cone Trees Positive More effective area to lay out tree Use of smooth animation to help person track updates Aesthetically pleasing Negative As in all 3D, occlusion obscures some nodes Non-trivial to implement and requires some graphics horsepower Read in perspective Difficult if too much Anti-aliasing = more horsepower Bigger font = lost of screen real estate Alternative Solutions Change the geometry Apply a hyperbolic transformation to the space Root is at center