Focus On Earth Science地球科学中心.pptVIP

Earthquakes The rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a fault. Elastic Strain Energy Elastic strain is the energy stored as a material changes in shape. Elastic Strain Energy (cont.) Focus The focus is the location on the fault where an earthquake begins. Epicenter The point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s focus. Fault Zones Plate boundaries are usually made of multiple faults called zones that are 40–200 km wide. Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes Lithospheric plates interact at different plate boundaries and produce earthquakes. Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes (cont.) Earthquakes Away from Plate Boundaries Earthquakes Away from Plate Boundaries (cont.) New Madris Earthquakes of 1911 Lesson 1 Review Lesson 1 Review Lesson 1 Review 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves seismic wave epicenter primary wave secondary wave Seismic Wave Waves of energy that are produced at the focus of an earthquake. 1. Primary Waves (P-waves) 2. Secondary Waves (S-waves) 3. Surface Waves Earthquake (p.252) Lesson 2 Review Lesson 2 Review Lesson 2 Review 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes seismograph seismogram Measuring Earthquakes Scientists determine size of earthquakes by measuring how much the rock slips along the fault. Seismograph Records size, direction, and the movement time of ground Seismogram Record of the seismic waves Reading a Seismogram Wave heights indicate the amount of ground motion for each type of wave. Locating an Epicenter Triangulation is used to locate the epicenter. 1. Find the arrival time differences. 2. Find the difference from the epicenter. 3. Plot the distance on a map. (p. 263) Measuring Earthquake Size Magnitude measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Moment Magnitude Scale Used today because it is a more accurate scale for measuring earthquake size. Earthquake Intensity Intensity values vary and depend on the distance from the epicenter and the local geology. Lesson 3 Review Lesson 3 Review Lesson 3 Review Predicting Eart