SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLIED LINGUISTICS第二语言学习应用语言学.pptVIP

SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING APPLIED LINGUISTICS P.162-171 WHAT IS APPLIED LINGUISTICS? A field that studies second language learning by linguistic analysis and other fields such as communication, education, psychology, and sociology. SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING Learning English in a community that doesn’t speak English. English class in Saudi Arabia. Leaning English in a place where it is the spoken language. English class in the US. EFL ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ESL ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION LEARNING The gradual development of language ability by using it naturally in communicative situations with native speakers. Result: Fluency in using the language (as in social interaction) Learning the features of the language (vocabulary, grammar) that is learned in a classroom. Result: Knowledge ‘about’ the language. (as in tests) LANGUAGE TEACHING METHODS GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION METHOD: Earliest method- grammar rules, vocabulary lists, memorization, focus on written language not spoken. AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD: Emphasis on the spoken language, language was viewed as a ‘habit’, to be learned by the use of drills, repetition, and imitation. COMMUNICATIVE APPROACHES: The recent development in second language learning, focus on using the language to communicate. TRANSFER Using sounds, expressions, or structures from the first language L1 when using the second language L2. Negative transfer: when the L1 transfer is different and results in a mistake (adjective after noun) Positive transfer: when the languages are similar and the learner transfers knowledge that results in correct forms. INPUT OUTPUT The language that the learner is exposed to that is beneficial for learning. Foreigner talk: native speakers modify their language to communicate with the learner. Negotiated input: when the learner asks for clarification. P.168 Is meaningful interaction between the learner and speakers of the language. It is one of the most diff