Section 127 Normal amp; Tangential Components127节正常amp；切向分量.pptVIP

* * CURVILINEAR MOTION: NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COMPONENTS (Section 12.7) Objectives: Determine the normal and tangential components of velocity and acceleration of a particle traveling along a curved path. APPLICATIONS Cars experience an acceleration due to change in velocity (magnitude and\or direction) Why would you care about the total acceleration of the car? If the motorcycle starts from rest and increases its speed at a constant rate, how can we determine its velocity and acceleration at the top of the hill? NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COMPONENTS Normal (n) and tangential (t) coordinates are used when a particle moves along a curved path and the path of motion is known The origin is located on the particle t-axis is tangent to path and +ve in direction of motion, n-axis is perpendicular to the t-axis and +ve toward the center of curvature of the curve. NORMAL AND TANGENTIAL COMPONENTS (continued) n and t directions are defined by the unit vectors un and ut, respectively. Radius of curvature, ρ, is the perpendicular distance from the curve to the center of curvature at that point. The position is the distance, s, along the curve from a fixed reference point. VELOCITY IN THE n-t COORDINATE SYSTEM The velocity vector is always tangent to the path of motion (t-direction). The magnitude is determined by taking the time derivative of the path function, s(t). v = vut where v = s = ds/dt . ACCELERATION IN THE n-t COORDINATE SYSTEM Acceleration is a = dv/dt = d(vut)/dt = vut + vut . . Here v represents the change in the magnitude of velocity and ut change in the direction of ut. . . . a = vut + (v2/r)un = atut + anun. The acceleration vector can be expressed as: ACCELERATION IN THE n-t COORDINATE SYSTEM (continued) The acceleration vector is a = at ut + an un ? The normal or centripetal component is always directed toward the center of curvature of the curve. an = v2/r ? The tangential component is tangent to the curve and in the direction of increa