Section 32 Measures of Dispersion32部分分散的措施.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Section 3.2 Measures of Dispersion Range Variance Standard deviation Empirical Rule for bell shaped distributions Chebyshev’s Inequality for any distribution 3-* Range The range of a set of data is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value. Range = (maximum value) – (minimum value) EXAMPLE The following data represent the travel times (in minutes) to work for all seven employees of a start-up web development company. 23, 36, 23, 18, 5, 26, 43 Find the range. Range = 43 – 5 = 38 minutes The population variance is the sum of squared deviations about the population mean divided by the number of observations in the population, N. That is it is the mean of the sum of the squared deviations about the population mean. 3-* Variance The population variance is symbolically represented by σ2 (lower case Greek sigma squared). 3-* EXAMPLE Population Variance The following data represent the travel times (in minutes) to work for all seven employees of a start-up web development company. 23, 36, 23, 18, 5, 26, 43 Compute the population variance of this data. Recall that 3-* xi μ xi – μ (xi – μ)2 23 24.85714 -1.85714 3.44898 36 24.85714 11.14286 124.1633 23 24.85714 -1.85714 3.44898 18 24.85714 -6.85714 47.02041 5 24.85714 -19.8571 394.3061 26 24.85714 1.142857 1.306122 43 24.85714 18.14286 329.1633 902.8571 minutes2 3-* The sample variance is computed by determining the sum of squared deviations about the sample mean and then dividing this result by n – 1. 3-* EXAMPLE Sample Variance For the travel time data assume we obtained the following simple random sample: 5, 36, 26. Compute the sample variance travel time. Travel Time, xi Sample Mean, Deviation about the Mean, Squared Deviations about the Mean, 5 22.333 5 – 22.333 = -17.333 (-17.333)2 = 300.432889 36 22.333 13.667 186.786889 26 22.333 3.667 13.446889 square minutes 3-* Standard Deviation The standard deviation of a set of sample valu