Key Distribution - Southern Methodist University - World 密钥分配-南卫理公会大学-世界.pptVIP

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Key Distribution - Southern Methodist University - World 密钥分配-南卫理公会大学-世界.ppt

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Key Distribution - Southern Methodist University - World 密钥分配-南卫理公会大学-世界

Key Distribution Where to Put Encryption? Link level Vulnerable links equipped with encryption devices on both sides Needs large number of devices Needs decryption to perform routing End-to-end Carried out at the end systems Can encrypt only the data portion and not the header Link vs. End-to-End Key Distribution Link keys must be distributed to each pair of link endpoints in advance Relatively easy to distribute securely For e-t-e, must generate and distribute many keys, often in real time Logical Placement Application layer Transport layer Network layer Link layer Traffic Analysis Both techniques hide user data (payload) Link encryption Hides address information Buffers clear data in each node E-T-E encryption Leaves addresses in the clear No need to buffer decrypted payload Use both techniques? Traffic Analysis Identities of communicating partners Frequency of communication Message patterns, e.g., length, quantity, (encrypted) content Correlation between messages and real world events Can (sometimes) be defeated through traffic padding Covert Channels Essentially, the dual of traffic analysis Usually intended to violate or defeat a security policy Examples Message length Message content Message presence Key Distribution Most important component in secure transmission. Options: (between A and B). A selects a key and physically delivers it to B. A trusted third party key distribution center (KDC) selects a key and physically delivers it to A and B. If A and B already have have a viable key, it can be used to distribute a new key. If A and B have a secure link to KDC, can receive the key through that channel. Key Distribution (cont’d) Manual delivery is straightforward for link encryption, challenging for E-T-E The number of keys grows quadratically with the number of endpoints (n*(n-1)/2) Further complexity for application/user level encryption KDC a good alternative Only n master keys required Decentralized Distribution No need for KDC to be trusted and prot