网络互联技术chp29播29.1组播简介.pptVIP

* PIM-SM Shortest-Path Tree Switchover As a result of the SPT-Switchover, (S, G) traffic is now only flowing from the first-hop router to the last-hop router and from there to the receiver. Notice that traffic is no longer flowing to the RP. As a result of this SPT-Switchover mechanism, it is clear that PIM SM also supports the construction and use of SPT (S,G) trees but in a much more economical fashion than PIM DM in terms of forwarding state. * * Evaluation: PIM Sparse-mode Can be used for sparse of dense distribution of multicast receivers (no necessity to flood) Advantages Traffic sent only to registered receivers that have explicitly joined the multicast group RP can be switched to optimal shortest-path-tree when high-traffic sources are forwarding to a sparsely distributed receiver group Interoperates with DVMRP Potential issues Requires RP during initial setup of distribution tree (can switch to shortest-path-tree once RP is established and determined suboptimal) RPs can become bottlenecks if not selected with great care Complex behavior is difficult to understand and therefore difficult to debug * * * * Shortest path or source distribution tree is the network path with the least hops Ex: shortest path between Source and Receiver 1 is via Routers A and C, and shortest path to Receiver 2 is one additional hop via Router E * Shortest path or source distribution tree is the network path with the least hops Ex: shortest path between Source and Receiver 1 is via Routers A and C, and shortest path to Receiver 2 is one additional hop via Router E * Shared distribution tree is the path derived from a shared point through which sources and receivers must send/receive multicast data Ex: regardless of location/number of receivers, senders register with Shared Root (Router D) and always send a single copy of multicast data through the Shared Root to registered receivers Ex: regardless of location/number of sources, group members always receive forwarded multicast data