Vision Subjective and Objective Issues - Drexel University视觉的主观和客观的问题-卓克索大学.pptVIP

Vision: Subjective and Objective Issues Oleh Tretiak Medical Imaging Systems 2002 Why Study Vision Understand how to display images Understand what is seen Understand how vision works Sources of Information Physics of vision Neurophysiology of vision Psychology of vision Psychophysics References David Hubel, Eye, Brain, and Vision, Henry Hold Company, 1995 James P. C. Southall, Physiological Optics, Dover, 1961 Vicki Bruce, Patrick R. Green, Mark A. Georgeson, Visual Perception: Physiology, Psychology, and Ecology, Psychology Press, 1996 Visual Pathway - Anatomy Visual Pathway - Symbolic The Retina and the Eye The Eyeball Vision and Eye Fixation (motion) Half-retina maps Layers of the Geniculate Nucleus Section through Striate Cortex Map From Retina to Striate Cortex Striate Cortex Input/Output Subjective Intensity (Contrast) Models In a model for subjective intensity, let x by the brightness (power/area) and y the subjective brightness (contrast). Both x and y range from 0 to 100. Logarithmic model: Power law model: On the next slide we show thirty four steps designed to produce uniform contrast with (1) linear, power law with gamma = 1, (2) power law, gamma = 0.7, and (3) logarithmic. Note that the appearance of this depends on the transfer function of the display. Simultaneous Contrast Examples The circles have the same objective intensity. ‘Typical’ Visual Spatial Response ‘Typical’ visual temporal response Boundaries Shape Perception Size Perception * 1.406 Core-lens (n5) 1.386 Outer portion of lens (n4 = n6) 1.336 Aqueous humor and vitreous body (n3 = n7) 1.376 Cornea (n2) Index of refraction The model is due to Gullstrand (1924). The power of the eye in this model ranges from 58.64 dptr (diopters) to 70.57 dptr. Most of the refraction (43 dptr) is due to the cornea. Background = 245, circles = 210, 225, and 235 Background = 70, circle = 60 Objective value (intensity) Subjective (perceived) value Mach Bands *