物理专业毕业论之《光的涉与衍射》.doc

光的干涉与衍射 学生姓名：王志伟 指导教师：刘桂香 内容摘要：结合在光学学习过程中的心得体会，依据波动光学的相关知识点，结合前人的探讨结果，从以下方面讨论了光的干涉与衍射：光的定义、传播路径、相干叠加性、计算方法、光强分布，条纹特点等，并系统总结两者之间的异同点，从而较深入的探讨了光波的干涉和衍射的本质:光的干涉与衍射都是光的波动性的表现，都是光在遇到障碍物后所表现出的光强分布不均匀现象。两者在本质上是统一的，共处于“线性波的相干叠加”这个统一体中，并在一定的条件下发生转化，两者也有各自的特点。但无论是干涉还是衍射中的光强的分布问题是可以由菲涅耳在惠更斯原理的基础上提出的次波相干理论解决的。在此基础上期能对更高阶段的光学知识学习有所帮助。 关键字：干涉 衍射 异同点 The interference and diffraction of light wangzhiwei Directed by Prof.liuguixiang Abstract: Integrated with what we have learned and our experience on the study of optics, based on the related knowledge points of wave optics, together with the former researches, this paper is to discuss the interference and diffraction of light on the following aspects, the definitions of rays, how they spread, the coherent superposition, the intensity distribution and the stripe features. What’s more, it summarizes systemically the similarities and differences. Interference and diffraction of light is the performance of volatility, are obstacles in the face after the light shown by the phenomenon of uneven distribution of light intensity. Both in essence, a total of a coherent superposition of linear waves of this entity, and under certain conditions in the transformation occurred, and both have their own characteristics. But whether it is interference or diffraction , the light intensity distribution of the problem is from the Huygens Fresnel principle based on the theory of time resolved coherent wave. Based on this view,we expecting that this would help with further learning of optics.. Key words: interference diffraction similarities and differences 目录 0 引言…………………………………………………………………… 1 1 光的干涉……………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 从定义出发探讨光的干涉特点………………………………… 1 1.2 从计算方法上分析干涉的光强分布…………………………… 1 1.3 在傍轴近似下，分析干涉花样的特征………………………… 3 2 光的衍射……………………………………………………………… 4 2.1 从定义上探讨光的衍射特点…………………………………… 4 2.2 从计算方法上分析衍射光强的分布…………………………… 4 2.3 分析单缝衍射的衍射图样特征………………………………… 6