SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND CHANNEL BANDWIDTH信号传输和信道带宽.pptVIP

contd … Television Signal standards …contd Television Signal standards …contd Prepared by Sam Kollannore U. Lecturer, Department of Electronics M.E.S.College, Marampally, Aluva-7 Picture – amplitude modulated Sound – frequency modulated Channel bandwidth – determined by the highest video frequency required for proper picture reception and the maximum sound carrier frequency deviation permitted in a TV system Need for modulation - antenna size - interference - poor radiation at low frequency Amplitude Modulation In amplitude modulation the intelligence to be conveyed is used to vary the amplitude of the carrier wave. ec = Ec cos ωct is the carrier wave and em = Em cos ωmt is the modulating signal. The equation of the modulated wave is :e = A cos ωct where A = (Ec + kEm cos ωmt) when k is a constant of the modulator. On substituting the value of A we get : e = (Ec + kEm cos ωmt) cos ωct = Ec (1 + m cos ωmt) cos ωct where m = kEm/Ec is the modulation index At kEm = Ec , m = 1 and the corresponding depth of modulation is then termed as 100%. Therefore if the modulated wave is to be transmitted without distortion by this method, the transmission channel must be atleast of width 2fm centred on fc. If the modulating signal consists of more than a single frequency, as it would be for a video signal, the equation can be extended to include the sum and difference of the carrier and all frequency components of the modulating signal. Channel Bandwidth Frequency components present in the video signal extends from 0 to 5 MHz Therefore Bandwidth required = 2× 5MHz = 10MHz Attenuation slope of 0.5MHz is provided at the edge of the two side bands (i.e. 2 × 0.5MHz = 1MHz) Each channel has its associated FM sound signal whose carrier frequency located at 5.5MHz (in the upper limit) A small guard band of 0.25MHz for each channel So total Channel Bandwidth = 10 + 1 + 0.25 = 11.25MHz Such a bandwidth is too large - limits the number of channels in a given high frequency spe