Simulation - KTH V#228;lkommen till KTH模拟- k V及# 228；lkommen到k.pptVIP

Simulation The process of designing a model of a real system and conducting experiments with this model for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the system and /or evaluating various strategies for the operation of the system. Simulation Advantages Everything in Virtual World “No cost” in acquiring physical entities and building a physical model. Time Control Time can be compressed or stretched. Ability To Handle Complex Systems Discrete Event Simulation A DES is one in which the state of a model changes at only a discrete, but possibly random, set of simulated time points. Eg. A manufacturing flow simulation, supply chain simulation, etc. State Changes at Discrete Time Entities and Connections Entities Entities are the “tangible” elements in the model. Eg. machine, labor, materials Connections Connection are logical relationship that connect the entities. Eg. a logical statement that can relate a part with a machine can be “if machine is idle process the part that arrives” Timer There are two types of time advances in DES Next event Time advances from event to event. Time slicing The model is advanced forward in time at fixed intervals. Probability Distributions Events may occur at random times Eg. machine breakdown is a random event. The randomness of these events can be described by a certain probability distribution. Part arrival Poisson distribution, Machine breakdown Negative Exponential distribution. In simulation these events are triggered according to random numbers generated from distributions that describe the events. Executive is central to providing the dynamic, time based behaviour of the model. control the logical relationships between the entities. Events are chronologically scheduled and triggered accordingly. advance the clock to the new time. Deterministic and Stochastic Process Deterministic if for given in there is a corresponding fixed out Stochastic if for given in there are randomly occuring outs Simulatio