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The Effect of Biofeedback Relaxation on Blood Pressure and Skin ：生物反馈放松对血压和皮肤的影响
The Effect of Biofeedback Relaxation on Blood Pressure and Skin Surface Temperature in Hurricane Survivors
Kyungeh An, PhD, RN, Nancy Jallo, PhD, FNP-BC, WHNP-BC, Victoria Menzies, PhD, RN
Virginia Commonwealth University
Background
(Photo by NASA 2008)
Hurricane Ike hit Galveston and south east Texas in 2008
Heavy landfall storm surge followed by flooding
Caused an extensive damage in this community.
Background
More than 140,000 people in the Texas Gulf Coast area had failed to evacuate
Over 940 were rescued from rising waters
Nearly 2,000 rescued afterward
Survivors of the Hurricane
Witnessed demolishing of their homes and neighborhood,
Cleaning debris and recovering homes with a huge demand limited resources
Faced loss of their loved ones
Massive prolonged unemployment
Photos taken by An, 2008
Aftermath Stress
Previous Studies
After hurricane Katrina, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was increased by three fold at two years and three years after Hurricane (Gautam, 2009; Giao, 2012).
Six months after Hurricane Ike, a survey with 401 respondents reported that over 60% (n=242) had elevated stress levels, of 393 that completed depression assessments, 34.6% (n=137) showed elevated levels of depression (Bishop et al., 2010).
Significance
Survivors from hurricane often suffer long lasting symptoms associated with stress such as apprehension, elevated blood pressure, and poor peripheral circulation.
Biofeedback relaxation may alleviate these symptoms associated with hyper arousal of sympathetic nervous system, yet, there is scanty of data that support scientific evidence of the effectiveness of this technique.
Specific Aims
The objective of the study was to examine the effects of biofeedback relaxation for 4 weeks on the psychological and hemodynamic variables among hurricane survivors.
Specific aims of the study were to:
examine whether there is a significant difference in perceived stress, depression and anxiety score before and after the 4 week
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