The Acoustic Reflex声反射.ppt

The Lever Ratio Purpose of ME To transmit sound energy from the air space in the EAC to the fluid in the cochlea This is accomplished by vibration of the ossicles So what if we didn’t have a TM or any ossicles? 99.9% of sound waves would bounce off the oval window This energy reflected off oval window gives about a 30 dB hearing loss Purpose of the TM and the ossicles -- eliminate IMPEDANCE MISMATCH IMPEDANCE – the resistance to flow of energy Two Forms of Impedance Resistance Reactance Stiffness Mass Area Advantage Lever Advantage Area Lever Ratio 17 * 1.3 = _______ therefore the overall increase in pressure equals: 20 Log 22 = _________________ The Acoustic Reflex STAPEDIUS vs. TENSOR TYMPANI Neuronal Organization of Acoustic Stapedius Reflexes Clinical Acoustic-Reflex Protocols Acoustic-reflex thresholds AR thresholds vs. auditory thresholds Reduction of .6 - .7 dB per dB Acoustic Reflex Profiles in Specific Pathologies Middle ear disorders Facial nerve disorders Cochlear disorders Eighth nerve disorders Central (Brainstem) disorders * * TM OW 22 to 1 26.84 dB or 27 dB 6 mm in length Arises in bony canal adjoining the facial canal and inserts on the head of the stapes Cranial Nerve VII Activates by acoustic (acoustic reflex) and nonacoustic means 25 mm in length Arises from wall of Eustachian tube and inserts on the upper margin of the manubrium of malleus Cranial Nerve V Activates by startle response and/or tactile stimulation of the orbital area 108 INNER EAR INPUT 95 90 81 80 80 80.3 - 80.4 83 - 84 84.5 - 86 We only measure up to 110 dB HL 88.4 - 91.2