考研努力 2011年考研英语真题及答案.pdf

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 1 2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health. But 大1家 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 大2家 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 大3家 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 大4家 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 大5家 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 大6家 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 大7家 . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 大8家 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 大9家 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 大10家 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 大11家 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 大12家 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 大13家 they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 大14家 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 大15家 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to