国外心理学导论8.ppt

Module 8 Hypnosis HYPNOSIS Hypnosis definition procedure in which a researcher, clinician, or hypnotists suggests that a person will experience changes in sensation, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors Who can be hypnotized? not correlated with introversion, extraversion, social position, intelligence, willpower, sex, compliance, gullibility, being highly motivated, or being a placebo responder HYPNOSIS (CONT.) Who is susceptible? individuals with the remarkable ability to respond to imaginative suggestions best known test: Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale asks individuals to carry out a series of both simple and complex suggestions high scorers are usually easily hypnotized HYPNOSIS (CONT.) How is someone hypnotized? hypnotic induction refers to inducing hypnosis by first asking a person to either stare at an object or close his or her eyes and then suggesting that the person is becoming very relaxed HYPNOSIS (CONT.) Theories of hypnosis Altered States Theory of Hypnosis holds that hypnosis puts a person into an altered state of consciousness, during which the person is disconnected from reality, which results in being able to experience and respond to various suggestions Sociocognitive Theory of hypnosis behaviors observed during hypnosis result not from being hypnotized, but rather from having the special ability of responding to imaginative suggestions and social pressures HYPNOSIS (CONT.) Behaviors Hypnotic analgesia refers to a reduction in pain reported by clients after they had undergone hypnosis and received suggestions that reduced their anxiety and promoted relaxation Posthypnotic suggestion given to the subject during hypnosis about performing a particular behavior to a specific cue when the subject comes out of hypnosis HYPNOSIS (CONT.) Behaviors Posthypnotic amnesia not remembering what happened during hypnosis if the hypnotist suggested that, upon awakening, the person would forget what took place during hypnosis Age regression refers