口腔解剖生理之国外PPT--下颌第二磨牙.pptVIP

DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMY OF MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR Prof. A. Elsahn Initial calcification 2½ – 3 years Completion of crown 7 – 8 years Eruption 11 – 13 years Completion of roots 14 – 15 years Prof. A. Elsahn CHRONOLOGY Its disto-buccal cusp is larger than that found in the lower first molar. Prof. A. Elsahn GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS This molar is the seventh tooth from the middle line. The crown is usually smaller than the first molar in the same mouth. It has four cusps. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 D D M L L B B 4 3 2 1 The cervical ridge is less pronounced than on the first molars in most instances, but a prominent bulge cervically on the mesio-buccal cusp is common. Prof. A. Elsahn GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS There is only one buccal groove. B D M L The roots are as long (or may be longer), less broad bucco-lingually than on the first molar and are less widely separated or more parallel. Prof. A. Elsahn GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS The root trunk is slightly longer than on the first molar. B THE CROWN The crown appears to be wider at the cervix than the first molar (less taper toward the cervix below the contact areas), due to absence of a distal cusp. Prof. A. Elsahn BUCCAL ASPECT As in the first molar,the crown is much larger mesiodistally than cervico-occlusally. C C O O D D M Mesial outline: Is nearly straight from the cervical line to the mesial contact area. Distal outline: Is convex from the cervical line to the distal contact area. Prof. A. Elsahn BUCCAL ASPECT THE CROWN M D CONTACT AREAS MESIAL Is at about the junction of the middle and occlusal thirds. DISTAL Is at the center of the middle third. Prof. A. Elsahn BUCCAL ASPECT THE CROWN Both contact areas are at slightly lower level, especially in the distal area than those of the first molar. Prof. A. Elsahn BUCCAL ASPECT THE CROWN OCCLUSAL OUTLINE The two buccal cusps (mesio-buccal and disto-buccal) and the tips of the two lingual cusps (mesio-lingual and disto-lingual) are visi