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Timeline of Anti-trust case against Microsoft in the US (1) October 1997, the Justice Department sued Microsoft, accusing it of requiring computer makers to install its Internet Explorer browser. December 1997, Judge Jackson issued a preliminary injunction barring Microsoft from requiring computer makers to install Internet Explorer. June 2000, Judge Jackson issued his final ruling, ordering that Microsoft be split into two companies. Soon, Microsoft filed its appeal. * Timeline of Anti-trust case against Microsoft in the US (2) February 2001, Two days of oral arguments in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia concluded. The judges cast doubt on the decision to break up the company but suggest the core antitrust violation could stand. November 2002, Microsoft and the U.S. Justice Department announced that they had arrived at a settlement to end the long-running antitrust case. Microsoft would not break up. * * Why was Microsoft able to avoid breaking up? Microsoft agreed to provide software service to public schools, and share its API (application programming interfaces) with 3rd-party companies The historical trend(a doubt in whether punishing a monopolist would be a good way to solve the monopoly problem) The overall economic conditions (the favorable verdict on Microsoft in the U.S was passed shortly after 9/11, for fear that a split-up Microsoft would further damage the economy) The thought of protecting national competence (Microsoft is America) Political concerns (Microsoft’s strong lobby group) George Bush Jr., a Republican president, was elected into the White House * EU Commission Vs. Microsoft 2001 EU Commission delivered an antitrust ruling against Microsoft in a case that began in 1998 with complaints from Sun. 2004 EU ruled that Microsoft had abused its market dominance and decided to fine Microsoft 497 million euro. 2006.7 EU decided to give Microsoft another fine totalling 280 million euro. 2005.6 Microsoft promoted its Wind