GPS-RTK技术在矿山测量中应用探讨.docVIP

GPS-RTK技术在矿山测量中应用探讨 　　摘要：矿山测量是综合的运用地质、采矿、测量等多学科知识，对矿山建设、地质勘探、采矿过程当中由矿体到围岩、从井下到地面在静态和动态下各种空间几何问题的研究及处理。其主要是给矿山设计、开发、勘探、生产运营的各阶段工作服务，主要工作内容有：大比例尺地形图测绘、工业广场的施工测量、矿区地面的控制网建立、井下测量及建井测量等。矿山测量的质量和水平，对矿山的开发工作有非常重要的指导意义。随着测绘技术发展，测量数据的采集已基本上实现了数字化、自动化和实时化；测量数据的管理已标准化、规格化、科学化；测量数据的传播和应用已社会化、多样化、网络化。而GPS-RTK技术目前已在矿山测量中得到了广泛应用，本文将重点予以说明。 　　关键词：GPS-RTK；矿山测量；内业；转换参数；精度 　　Abstract: Mine surveying is a comprehensive application of geological, mining, measurement and other multi-disciplinary knowledge, research and treatment for mine construction, geological exploration, mining process from ore body to surrounding rock, from underground to the ground in static and dynamic state space geometry problem. The main work is the service stages for mine design, development, exploration, production and operation, the main contents include: large scale topographic mapping, industrial square control network, the establishment of ground construction survey mine, downhole measurement and construction measurement. Mine surveying quality and level, have very important significance on the development work of mine. With the development of Surveying and mapping technology, the data acquisition has basically realized the digitization, automation and real-time; data management has been standardized, scientific; dissemination and application of measurement data has been socialized, diversified, network. GPS-RTK technology has been in mines has been widely applied in the measurement, this paper will explain. 　　Key words: GPS-RTK；latch；interior work；conversion parameter；precision 　　中图分类号：P228.4文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-2104（2012） 　　GPS-RTK技术概述 　　 （一）基本原理 　　RTK测量技术，是以载波相位观测量为根据的实时差分GPS(RTDGPS)测量技术。实时动态测量的基本原理是在基准站上安置一台GPS接收机，对所有可见GPS卫星进行连续性观测，并将其观测数据通过无线电传输设备，实时地发送给用户观测站。在用户站上，GPS接收机在接收GPS卫星信号的同时，通过无线电传输设备，接收基准站传输的观测数据，然后根据相对定位的原理，实时地计算并显示用户站的三维坐标，其精度可达到厘米级。这样通过实时计算的定位结果，便可监测基准站与用户站观测结果的质量和解算结果的收敛情况，从而可实时地判定解算结果是否成功，以减少冗余观测，缩短观测时间。 　　 （二）RTK测量系统的构成 　　RTK测量系统主要由GPS接收设备、数据传输系统和软件系统构成。 　　1、GPS接收设备 　　在基准站和