英语语法高中.ppt

Present Participle and Past Participle * 现在分词和过去分词 分词： 英语中分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。分词在句中可以充当表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。 分词的时态和语态变化： 1) 分词的一般式： 在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。 When he was walking along the street, he found a pen. Walking along the street, he found a pen. After she returned home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. Returning home, my friend learned that the police had been to the flats. (同时发生 ) (几乎同时发生) 现在分词的一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或几乎同时发生。 当他坐在公园里的时候，他发现一个小男孩在哭泣。 When he sat in the park, he found a boy crying. Sitting in the park, he found a boy crying. 学生们跟着他们的老师。学生们进入教室。 The students followed their teacher. The students went into the classroom. Following their teacher, the students went into the classroom. 2) 现在分词的完成式： 在做完作业之后，他出去散步了。 After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk. Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk. 现在分词的完成式：表示动作在谓语动词前已经发生。 因为我看过这部电影，所以我能告诉你这个故事。 Because I have seen the film before, I can tell you the story. Having seen the film before, I can tell you the story. 3) 现在分词的一般式的被动语态： 那个正在被讨论的问题是非常重要的。 The question which is being discussed now is very important. The question being discussed now is very important. 现在分词的一般式的被动语态：表示一个被动的动作正在进行。 正在被问话的那个小男孩是我的邻居。 The boy who is being questioned now is my neighbor. The boy being questioned now is my neighbor. 4) 现在分词的完成式的被动语态： 在参观了博物馆之后，我们回到了宾馆。 After we had been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. Having been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel. 现在分词的完成式的被动语态: 表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词前已经完成。 5) 现在分词的否定形式： Having found the wallet, he went home. 否定句 Not having found the wallet, he didn’t want to go home. 由于没有按要求完成作业，他被要求重做一遍。 Because he didn’t finish his homework according to the requirements, he was asked to do it again. Not finishing his homework according to the requirements, he was asked to do it again. 现在分词的时态和语态的变化如下表： not having been done not being done 否定 not having done not doing 否定 having been done having done 完成式 being done doing 一般式 肯定 肯定 被动形式