Beams and Frames - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering …FAMU FSU工程学院梁和框架….pptVIP

Beams and Frames beam theory can be used to solve simple beams complex beams with many cross section changes are solvable but lengthy many 2-d and 3-d frame structures are better modeled by beam theory Element Formulation assume the displacement w is a cubic polynomial in ` Applying these boundary conditions, we get The interpolation function or shape function is given by strain for a beam in bending is defined by the curvature, so Hence if axial load is tensile, results from beam elements are higher than actual T results are conservative if axial load is compressive, results are less than actual size of error is small until load is about 25% of Euler buckling load for 2-d, can use rotation matrices to get stiffness matrix for beams in any orientation to develop 3-d beam elements, must also add capability for torsional loads about the axis of the element, and flexural loading in x-z plane to derive the 3-d beam element, set up the beam with the x axis along its length, and y and z axes as lateral directions torsion behavior is added by superposition of simple strength of materials solution J = torsional moment about x axis G = shear modulus L = length fxi, fxj are nodal degrees of freedom of angle of twist at each end Ti, Tj are torques about the x axis at each end flexure in x-z plane adds another stiffness matrix like the first one derived superposition of all these matrices gives a 12 ′ 12 stiffness matrix to orient a beam element in 3-d, use 3-d rotation matrices for beams long compared to their cross section, displacement is almost all due to flexure of beam for short beams there is an additional lateral displacement due to transverse shear some FE programs take this into account, but you then need to input a shear deformation constant (value associated with geometry of cross section) limitations: same assumptions as in conventional beam and torsion theories no better than beam analysis axial load capability allows frame analysis,