Atomic radii - Christopher Dock Mennonite High School：原子半径-克里斯托弗码头门诺中学.ppt

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Atomic radii - Christopher Dock Mennonite High School：原子半径-克里斯托弗码头门诺中学.ppt

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Atomic radii - Christopher Dock Mennonite High School：原子半径-克里斯托弗码头门诺中学

What are the periodic trends? Atomic radius Ionization energy Affinity electronegativity Shielding affect Atomic radii Defined as one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together. ( draw picture) Trends Radii decreases from left to right across a period. Add protons, add p-e pull Increases as you go down a family Adding energy levels, layers Exception Al- Ga Table 5-13 page 141 slide Questions In period 3, which has the largest radius Na, Mg, P, Cl In family 2 which has the largest radius Ca, Be, Ba, Sr Ionization Energy The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom. (first ionization energy) Pg 143 figure 5-15 When you remove an electron from a neutral ion you form an ion. Any process that results in the formation of an ion is ionization. Trends Ionization energy increases from left to right across a period. It gets harder and harder to remove an electron Radius is smaller, the pull between nucleus and electron is greater. Noble gas – can’t remove the electron. Dips where electrons double up in an orbital. Trends Ionization energy generally decreases as you go down a family. The radius is larger, the electrons are further away and are therefore held less tightly. Shielding occurs – there are more energy levels that have electrons in them, they shield the outer electrons from the nuclear pull. Show slide Second ionization energy The energy required to remove a second electron from an atom ( ion). Always requires more energy to remove the second and successive electrons than the first. Table 1-3 pg 145 practice Element A has a first ionization energy of 419 kJ/mol. Element B has a first ionization energy of 1000 kJ/mol. Are they in the s or p block? Which will most likely give up their electron? Electronegativity Measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons. Fluorine assigned a number 4 Everything else is based off of that value. Trend Family 18 exception Famil